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The Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian time is the cradle of multicellular, eukaryotic life and thereafter metazoan life started populating the planet. Biomarkers, which record the chronicles of biotic events on Earth, have been investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry from a suite of nine oil samples extracted from oil stained sediments and a crude oil of Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian age from Bikaner-Nagaur Basin, western India. The biomarker distribution is characterized by high concentration of both tricyclic terpanes and pentacyclic hopanes. The predominance of C29 regular sterane over C27 and C28 steranes indicates green algal contribution and may imply the prominence and diversification of the same algal group. The low pristane/phytane ratio and occurrence of substantial quantity of gammacerane, monomethyl 2-methyl-2-(2,4,8-trimethyltridecyl) chroman and 1,1,7,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4 tetrahydrophenanthrene are indicative of stratified water column as well as anoxic and enhanced salinity condition of the environment of deposition. This paper reports for the first time the presence of methyltrimethyltridecyl chromans (MTTCs) from Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian time. Putative C19 norsteranes, probably indicative of sponge input, are recorded in the studied samples and also reported from other infracambrian oils and sediments. Normal alkanes (n-C17 and n-C18) and isoprenoids (pristane and phytane) are highly depleted in δ13C. The overall biomarker distribution and carbon isotope data of oils from Bikaner-Nagaur Basin show similarities with those of other infracambrian oils like Huqf oils from Oman and Baykit High oils from eastern Siberia. 相似文献
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The Halahatang Depression in the Tabei Uplift of the Tarim basin is an active exploration area because it has substantial reservoir potential and contains or is near to many commercial oil fields. Geochemical analysis indicates that Halahatang oils were derived from marine carbonate source rocks deposited under anoxic reducing conditions. The maturities for Halahatang oils are corresponding to the peak of the oil window and slightly higher than the neighboring Tahe oils. The Halahatang oils feature low Pr/Ph, C21/C23 tricyclic terpane and, C28/C29 sterane ratios, high C29/C30 hopane and C35/C34 hopane ratios, a “V” shape in the distribution of C27–C28–C29 steranes and light carbon isotope ratios, similar to the Tahe oils and correlate well with the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock. However, some source-related biomarker parameters imply a more reducing source organofacies with more zooplanktonic contribution than that for the Tahe oils. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地塔中Ⅰ号气田井筒腐蚀影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔里木盆地塔中Ⅰ号气田为典型的酸性气田,生产井井筒面临严重的腐蚀隐患。结合塔中Ⅰ号气田的生产情况,对影响井筒腐蚀的各种因素(CO2及H2S含量、温度和流速等)进行了系统研究,并确定了:①塔中Ⅰ号气田各井的井筒腐蚀受硫化氢和二氧化碳的共同影响,以硫化氢腐蚀为主,约占70%;②90℃±是井筒腐蚀发生最严重的温度区域;③塔中Ⅰ号气田各井的流速多数1m/s,存在垢下腐蚀,个别井流速达4.9m/s,存在冲刷腐蚀。根据井筒腐蚀的各主要影响因素,提出了应对井筒腐蚀的防护方法和建议。 相似文献
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Thiadiamondoids have been analyzed in a suite of Smackover-derived oils from the US Gulf Coast to determine whether their abundance and distribution reflect alteration by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The sample suite includes oils and condensates having various thermal maturities that are characterized as being unaltered by TSR, altered by TSR, or of uncertain affinities due to inconsistencies between conventional geochemical indicators of TSR. Nearly all samples contain thiadiamondoids, indicating that small amounts of these compounds can be generated from sulfur rich kerogen. TSR results in the generation of H2S, sulfides and thiophenic aromatic hydrocarbons, either by reaction with sulfate or by back reactions with the evolved H2S. Evidence shows that thiadiamondoids originate exclusively from reactions involving TSR. Once generated, their high thermal stability permits thiadiamondoids to accumulate with little further reaction and their abundance reflects not only the occurrence of TSR, but the extent of the alteration. The abundance of thiaadamantanes (1-cage structures) is particularly diagnostic of the onset of TSR. Examination of condensates from reservoirs >180 °C indicates that the thiadiamondoids can be thermally degraded. They are more thermally stable than the dibenzothiophenes, but are less stable than diamondoid hydrocarbons. Their stability appears to increase with increasing cage number, suggesting that the thiatriamantanes are the best proxy for the extent of TSR alteration in very high temperature reservoirs. Polythiadiamondoids (diamondoids with multiple sulfur substitutions) were detected in trace amounts and are also indicators of TSR. 相似文献
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Solid bitumen occurs extensively in the paleo-reservoirs of marine sequences in southern China. The fluids in these paleo-reservoirs have usually experienced severe secondary alteration such as biodegradation and/or thermal maturation. The concentrations of extractable organic matter (EOM) in the resulting solid bitumens are too low to satisfy the amount required for instrumental analysis such as GC–MS and GC–IRMS. It is also difficult to get enough biomarkers and n-alkanes by dry pyrolysis or hydrous pyrolysis directly because such solid bitumens are hydrogen poor due to high maturities. Catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) can release much more EOM from solid bitumen at mature to highly over-mature stages than Soxhlet extraction, dry pyrolysis and hydrous pyrolysis. However, whether the biomarkers in hydropyrolysates can be used for bitumen-source or bitumen–bitumen correlations has been questionable. In this study, a soft biodegraded solid bitumen sample of low maturity was thermally altered to various maturities in a closed system. HyPy was then employed to release bound biomarkers and n-alkanes. Our results show that the geochemical parameters for source and maturity based on biomarkers released from these thermally altered bitumen residues by HyPy are insensitive to the degree of thermal alteration. Furthermore, the maturity parameters are indicative of lower maturity than bitumen maturation products at a corresponding temperature. This suggests that biomarker source and maturity parameters, based on the products of HyPy, remain valid for bitumens which have suffered both biodegradation and severe thermal maturation. The distributions of δ13C of n-alkanes in hydropyrolysates are also insensitive to the temperature used for bitumen artificial maturation. Hence, the δ13C values of n-alkanes in hydropyrolysates may also provide useful information in bitumen–bitumen correlation for paleo-reservoir solid bitumens. 相似文献
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核桃园组是泌阳凹陷南部陡坡带的主要含油气目的层。本文依据岩心资料,结合岩石学特征、测井相及其他相标志,将研究区核桃园组划分为扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲和湖泊沉积体系。通过对碎屑重矿物资料、钻井和录井资料等相关地质资料的综合分析,编制各段砂砾岩粒度平均值等值线图等图件基础上,系统编制了核桃园组核三段—核一段岩相古地理图。其古地理展布特征是:南部发育扇三角洲,东北部发育辫状河三角洲,西北部发育曲流河三角洲,中部发育湖泊。在核三期到核一期的古地理演化过程中,扇三角洲和曲流河三角洲规模持续缩小,曲流河三角洲在核一期被滨浅湖所充填,湖泊面积逐渐增大。辫状河三角洲规模从核三期到核二期逐渐变大,到核一期开始减小。 相似文献
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水平定向穿越管道起吊过程中,管道的吊点位置决定管道入土角度,如果入土角度偏大或者偏小,都可能导致管道在入土时发生卡管或瘪管事故。通过对管道起吊过程中入土角度、吊点位置对管道应力的影响进行仿真分析,得到：吊点2与管道前端相距10 m,入土角为10°时,两吊点的许用间距为22～28 m;入土角为12°时,两吊点的许用间距为28～36 m;入土角为14°时,两吊点的许用间距为30～36 m,此时管道起吊过程中,管道处于安全状态。当入土角度超过16°时,管道应力超出了管道的屈服应力,因此管道入土角度不宜超过16°。 相似文献
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江汉油田废弃油基钻井液处理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据江汉油田废弃油基钻井液特点,采用化学破乳法处理该废弃油基钻井液,在废弃油基钻井液中加入破乳剂、絮凝剂和混凝剂.结果表明:油回收率达到94.2%,芬顿氧化处理后的废水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)二级标准,COD去除率达到97.35%,色度去除率达到95.83%;经过固化剂固化96h后,泥渣固化物紧密度达到Ⅳ级,固化物浸出液达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)二级标准,能够实现江汉油田废弃油基钻井液无害化处理. 相似文献